Jumat, 27 Juni 2014

Skenario

 Skenario 1

Skenario ini adalah skenario jika Router Mikrotik Anda Tidak memilik Interface wireless,Anda dapat melihatnya pada Gambar-gambar 7.1.
Konfigurasi yang harus dilakukan sama seperti Anda saat akan membangun jaringan kabel pada bab-bad sebelumnya.
Karena sudah menggunakan dua interface ethernet,maka anda sudah memiliki dua network yang berbeda(10.10.10.0/24 dan 10.10.20.0/24).

Pada skenario pada laptop akan terhubung ke jaringan wireless hanya 4 unit dengan IP Address 10.10.20.2 sampai dengan 10.10.20.5.
tetapi Konfigurasi untuk kabel network 10.10.10.0/24 tetap ada..!!!!


Skenario 2

Skenario kedua ini adalah skrnario yang menggunakan Router Mikrotik yang sudah memiliki interface jaringan misalnya RB 75IU 2HnD yang memiliki interface wireless Router Mikrotik  menamakan interface wirelessNya dengan tolan 1.
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Wireles Network

A wireless network is any type of computer network that uses wireless data connections for connecting network nodes.
Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business) installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations.[1] Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.[2]
Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, Wi-Fi local networks and terrestrial microwave networks.

Wireless links

Computers are very often connected to networks using wireless links
  • Terrestrial microwave – Terrestrial microwave communication uses Earth-based transmitters and receivers resembling satellite dishes. Terrestrial microwaves are in the low-gigahertz range, which limits all communications to line-of-sight. Relay stations are spaced approximately 48 km (30 mi) apart.
  • Communications satellites – Satellites communicate via microwave radio waves, which are not deflected by the Earth's atmosphere. The satellites are stationed in space, typically in geosynchronous orbit 35,400 km (22,000 mi) above the equator. These Earth-orbiting systems are capable of receiving and relaying voice, data, and TV signals.
  • Cellular and PCS systems use several radio communications technologies. The systems divide the region covered into multiple geographic areas. Each area has a low-power transmitter or radio relay antenna device to relay calls from one area to the next area.
  • Radio and spread spectrum technologies – Wireless local area networks use a high-frequency radio technology similar to digital cellular and a low-frequency radio technology. Wireless LANs use spread spectrum technology to enable communication between multiple devices in a limited area. IEEE 802.11 defines a common flavor of open-standards wireless radio-wave technology known as Wifi.

Types of wireless networks

Wireless PAN

Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) interconnect devices within a relatively small area, that is generally within a person's reach.[3] For example, both Bluetooth radio and invisible infrared light provides a WPAN for interconnecting a headset to a laptop. ZigBee also supports WPAN applications.[4] Wi-Fi PANs are becoming commonplace (2010) as equipment designers start to integrate Wi-Fi into a variety of consumer electronic devices. Intel "My WiFi" and Windows 7 "virtual Wi-Fi" capabilities have made Wi-Fi PANs simpler and easier to set up and configure.[5]

Wireless LAN

Main article: Wireless LAN
A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices over a short distance using a wireless distribution method, usually providing a connection through an access point for Internet access. The use of spread-spectrum or OFDM technologies may allow users to move around within a local coverage area, and still remain connected to the network.
Products using the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards are marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name. Fixed wireless technology implements point-to-point links between computers or networks at two distant locations, often using dedicated microwave or modulated laser light beams over line of sight paths. It is often used in cities to connect networks in two or more buildings without installing a wired link.

Wireless mesh network

Main article: wireless mesh network
A wireless mesh network is a wireless network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. Each node forwards messages on behalf of the other nodes. Mesh networks can "self heal", automatically re-routing around a node that has lost power.

Wireless MAN

Wireless metropolitan area networks are a type of wireless network that connects several wireless LANs.

Wireless WAN

Wireless wide area networks are wireless networks that typically cover large areas, such as between neighboring towns and cities, or city and suburb. These networks can be used to connect branch offices of business or as a public internet access system. The wireless connections between access points are usually point to point microwave links using parabolic dishes on the 2.4 GHz band, rather than omnidirectional antennas used with smaller networks. A typical system contains base station gateways, access points and wireless bridging relays. Other configurations are mesh systems where each access point acts as a relay also. When combined with renewable energy systems such as photo-voltaic solar panels or wind systems they can be stand alone systems.

Cellular network

Main article: cellular network
Example of frequency reuse factor or pattern 1/4
A cellular network or mobile network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. In a cellular network, each cell characteristically uses a different set of radio frequencies from all their immediate neighbouring cells to avoid any interference.
When joined together these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area. This enables a large number of portable transceivers (e.g., mobile phones, pagers, etc.) to communicate with each other and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than one cell during transmission.
Although originally intended for cell phones, with the development of smartphones, cellular telephone networks routinely carry data in addition to telephone conversations:
  • Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system. The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred to where it needs to go. GSM is the most common standard and is used for a majority of cell phones.[7]
  • Personal Communications Service (PCS): PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America and South Asia. Sprint happened to be the first service to set up a PCS.
  • D-AMPS: Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, an upgraded version of AMPS, is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are replacing the older system.

Global area network

A global area network (GAN) is a network used for supporting mobile across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc. The key challenge in mobile communications is handing off user communications from one local coverage area to the next. In IEEE Project 802, this involves a succession of terrestrial wireless LANs.[8]

Space network

Space networks are networks used for communication between spacecraft, usually in the vicinity of the Earth. The example of this is NASA's Space Network.

Different uses

Some examples of usage include cellular phones which are part of everyday wireless networks, allowing easy personal communications. Another example, Inter-continental network systems, use radio satellites to communicate across the world. Emergency services such as the police utilize wireless networks to communicate effectively as well. Individuals and businesses use wireless networks to send and share data rapidly, whether it be in a small office building or across the world.

Properties

General

In a general sense, wireless networks offer a vast variety of uses by both business and home users.[9]
"Now, the industry accepts a handful of different wireless technologies. Each wireless technology is defined by a standard that describes unique functions at both the Physical and the Data Link layers of the OSI Model. These standards differ in their specified signaling methods, geographic ranges, and frequency usages, among other things. Such differences can make certain technologies better suited to home networks and others better suited to network larger organizations."[9]

Performance

Each standard varies in geographical range, thus making one standard more ideal than the next depending on what it is one is trying to accomplish with a wireless network.[9] The performance of wireless networks satisfies a variety of applications such as voice and video. The use of this technology also gives room for expansions, such as from 2G to 3G and, most recently, 4G technology, which stands for fourth generation of cell phone mobile communications standards. As wireless networking has become commonplace, sophistication increases through configuration of network hardware and software, and greater capacity to send and receive larger amounts of data, faster, is achieved.[10]

Space

Space is another characteristic of wireless networking. Wireless networks offer many advantages when it comes to difficult-to-wire areas trying to communicate such as across a street or river, a warehouse on the other side of the premise or buildings that are physically separated but operate as one.[10] Wireless networks allow for users to designate a certain space which the network will be able to communicate with other devices through that network. Space is also created in homes as a result of eliminating clutters of wiring.[11] This technology allows for an alternative to installing physical network mediums such as TPs, coaxes, or fiber-optics, which can also be expensive.

Home

For homeowners, wireless technology is an effective option compared to ethernet for sharing printers, scanners, and high speed internet connections. WLANs help save the cost of installation of cable mediums, save time from physical installation, and also creates mobility for devices connected to the network.[11] Wireless networks are simple and require as few as one single wireless access point connected directly to the Internet via a router.[9]

Wireless Network Elements

The telecommunications network at the physical layer also consists of many interconnected wireline Network Elements (NEs). These NEs can be stand-alone systems or products that are either supplied by a single manufacturer, or are assembled by the service provider (user) or system integrator with parts from several different manufacturers.
Wireless NEs are products and devices used by a wireless carrier to provide support for the backhaul network as well as a Mobile Switching Center (MSC).
Reliable wireless service depends on the network elements at the physical layer to be protected against all operational environments and applications (see GR-3171, Generic Requirements for Network Elements Used in Wireless Networks - Physical Layer Criteria).[12]
What are especially important are the NEs that are located on the cell tower to the Base Station (BS) cabinet. The attachment hardware and the positioning of the antenna and associated closures/cables are required to have adequate strength, robustness, corrosion resistance, and rain/solar resistance for expected wind, storm, ice, and other weather conditions. Requirements for individual components, such as hardware, cables, connectors, and closures, shall take into consideration the structure to which they are attached.

Difficulties

Interference
Compared to wired systems, wireless networks are frequently subject to electromagnetic interference. This can be caused by other networks or other types of equipment that generate radio waves that are within, or close, to the radio bands used for communication. Interference can degrade the signal or cause the system to fail.
Absorption and reflection
Some materials cause absorption of electromagnetic waves, preventing it from reaching the receiver, in other cases, particularly with metallic or conductive materials reflection occurs. This can cause dead zones where no reception is available.
Multipath fading
In multipath fading two or more different routes taken by the signal, due to reflections, can cause the signal to cancel out at certain locations, and to be stronger in other places (upfade).
Hidden node problem
The hidden node problem occurs in some types of network when a node is visible from a wireless access point (AP), but not from other nodes communicating with that AP. This leads to difficulties in media access control.
Shared resource problem
The wireless spectrum is a limited resource and shared by all nodes in the range of its transmitters. Bandwidth allocation becomes complex with multiple participating users. Often users are not aware that advertised numbers (e.g., for IEEE 802.11 equipment or LTE networks) are not their capacity, but shared with all other users and thus the individual user rate is far lower. With increasing demand, the capacity crunch is more and more likely to happen. User-in-the-loop (UIL) may be an alternative solution to ever upgrading to newer technologies for over-provisioning.

Capacity

Channel

Main article: Channel capacity in wireless communications
Understanding of SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO. Using multiple antennas and transmitting in different frequency channels can reduce fading, and can greatly increase the system capacity.
The maximum data rate of any single wireless link can be described by the Shannon's theorem which is related to the bandwidth in hertz, and the noise on the channel.

Network

The total network bandwidth depends on how dispersive the medium is (more dispersive medium generally has better total bandwidth because it minimises interference), how many frequencies are available, how noisy those frequencies are, how many aerials are used and whether directional antenna are in use, whether nodes employ power control and so on.
Cellular wireless networks generally have good capacity, due to their use of directional aerials, and their ability to reuse radio channels in non-adjacent cells. Additionally, cells can be made very small using low power transmitters, and this fact is used in cities to give network capacity that scales linearly with population density.

Safety

See also: Wireless electronic devices and health
Wireless access points are also often close to humans, but the drop off in power over distance is fast, following the inverse-square law.[13] The position of the United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency (HPA) is that “...radio frequency (RF) exposures from WiFi are likely to be lower than those from mobile phones.” It also saw “...no reason why schools and others should not use WiFi equipment.”[14] In October 2007, the HPA launched a new “systematic” study into the effects of WiFi networks on behalf of the UK government, in order to calm fears that had appeared in the media in a recent period up to that time".[15] Dr Michael Clark, of the HPA, says published research on mobile phones and masts does not add up to an indictment of WiFi.[16]

See also

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Rabu, 18 Juni 2014

UML Perpustakaan

Deskripsi Sistem:
 Untuk peminjaman buku di perpustakaan, peminjam harus menjadi anggota dari perpustakaan. Ada batas pada jumlah buku yang dapat dipinjam oleh masing-masing anggota perpustakaan. Perpustakaan mungkin memiliki beberapa salinan dari sebuah buku yang dipinjamkan. Hal ini mungkin untuk memesan buku. Beberapa buku adalah untuk pinjaman jangka pendek saja. buku lainya dapat dipinjam selama 3 minggu. Peminjam dapat memperpanjang pinjaman. petugas perpustakaan yang bertugas untuk melihat jumlah buku yang dipinjam, melihat jumlah buku yang dipesan.
Tugas anda adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem komputer untuk peminjaman buku pada perpustakaan di atas, buatlah
  1. Buat Diagram Use case binsnis.
  2. Buat diagram use case sistem dari perpustakaan tersebut
  3. activity diagram (diagram aktivitas) untuk use case “pinjam buku”  pada sistem perpustakaan tersebut !
(Petunjuk : anda dapat menambahkan asumsi untuk memperjelas sistem yang anda maksud)
a.  Use case bisnis perpustakaan

Business actor : anggota perpustakaan
Business worker : petugas perpustakaan
Use case business:
  1.  Memilih buku yang akan dipinjam
  2. Meminjam buku
  3. Mengembalikan buku
  4. Memperpannjang peminjaman buku
b. Use case sistem perpustakaan

Actor : anggota perpustakaan (anggota lama dan anggota baru), petugas perpustakaan
Anggota baru : maka dia harus mendaftar jadi anggota dan membuat kartu anggota perpustakaan.
Anggota perpus : hal-hal yang bias dilakukan antara lain membaca,memilih buku, meminjam (bisa diperanjang bias tidak)
Petugas perpus : tugasnya antara lain melayani anggota perpustakaan seperti (peminjaman,pengembalian dan pemesanan buku), mendata buku yang dipinjam , mendata buku yang dipesan, dan mendata buku yang dikembalikan
c.  Diagram Activity

 

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UML Class diagram

UML Class Diagram

 

Overview:

The class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class diagram is not only used for visualizing, describing and documenting different aspects of a system but also for constructing executable code of the software application.
The class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and also the constraints imposed on the system. The class diagrams are widely used in the modelling of object oriented systems because they are the only UML diagrams which can be mapped directly with object oriented languages.
The class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations and constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

Purpose:

The purpose of the class diagram is to model the static view of an application. The class diagrams are the only diagrams which can be directly mapped with object oriented languages and thus widely used at the time of construction.
The UML diagrams like activity diagram, sequence diagram can only give the sequence flow of the application but class diagram is a bit different. So it is the most popular UML diagram in the coder community.
So the purpose of the class diagram can be summarized as:
  • Analysis and design of the static view of an application.
  • Describe responsibilities of a system.
  • Base for component and deployment diagrams.
  • Forward and reverse engineering.

How to draw Class Diagram?

Class diagrams are the most popular UML diagrams used for construction of software applications. So it is very important to learn the drawing procedure of class diagram.
Class diagrams have lot of properties to consider while drawing but here the diagram will be considered from a top level view.
Class diagram is basically a graphical representation of the static view of the system and represents different aspects of the application. So a collection of class diagrams represent the whole system.
The following points should be remembered while drawing a class diagram:
  • The name of the class diagram should be meaningful to describe the aspect of the system.
  • Each element and their relationships should be identified in advance.
  • Responsibility (attributes and methods) of each class should be clearly identified.
  • For each class minimum number of properties should be specified. Because unnecessary properties will make the diagram complicated.
  • Use notes when ever required to describe some aspect of the diagram. Because at the end of the drawing it should be understandable to the developer/coder.
  • Finally, before making the final version, the diagram should be drawn on plain paper and rework as many times as possible to make it correct.
Now the following diagram is an example of an Order System of an application. So it describes a particular aspect of the entire application.
  • First of all Order and Customer are identified as the two elements of the system and they have a one to many relationship because a customer can have multiple orders.
  • We would keep Order class is an abstract class and it has two concrete classes (inheritance relationship) SpecialOrder and NormalOrder.
  • The two inherited classes have all the properties as the Order class. In addition they have additional functions like dispatch () and receive ().
So the following class diagram has been drawn considering all the points mentioned above:
UML Class Diagram

Where to use Class Diagrams?

Class diagram is a static diagram and it is used to model static view of a system. The static view describes the vocabulary of the system.
Class diagram is also considered as the foundation for component and deployment diagrams. Class diagrams are not only used to visualize the static view of the system but they are also used to construct the executable code for forward and reverse engineering of any system.
Generally UML diagrams are not directly mapped with any object oriented programming languages but the class diagram is an exception.
Class diagram clearly shows the mapping with object oriented languages like Java, C++ etc. So from practical experience class diagram is generally used for construction purpose.
So in a brief, class diagrams are used for:
  • Describing the static view of the system.
  • Showing the collaboration among the elements of the static view.
  • Describing the functionalities performed by the system.
  • Construction of software applications using object oriented languages.


    UML basics: The sequence diagram

     t's February, and by now you've probably read about, or heard people talk about, making the change to UML 2.0--the new specification for UML that contains a number of improvements. Given the importance of the new spec, we are changing the basis of this article series, too, shifting our attention from OMG's UML 1.4 Specification to OMG's Adopted 2.0 Draft Specification of UML (a.k.a. UML 2). I hate to change emphasis from 1.4 to 2.0 in the middle of a series of articles, but the UML 2.0 Draft Specification is an important step forward, and I feel the need to spread the word.

    There were a couple of reasons that the OMG improved UML. The main reason was that they wanted UML models to be capable of delivering Model Driven Architecture (MDA), which meant that the UML had to function as a more model driven notation. Also, the UML 1.x notation set was at times difficult to apply to larger applications. Furthermore, the notation elements needed to be improved in order to make diagrams more readable. (For example, modeling logical flow in UML 1.x was complicated and at times impossible. Changes to the sequence diagram's notation set in UML 2 have made vast improvements in modeling logic in sequences.)

    Resources we think you'll like

    Notice the wording in my statement above: "Adopted 2.0 Draft Specification of UML." It is true that the specification is still in draft status, but the key is that the Draft Specification has been adopted by OMG, a consortium that does not adopt new standards until they become pretty solid. There will be some changes to the specification before UML 2 is completely adopted, but these changes should be minimal. The main changes will be in the internals of UML--involving features typically used by software companies who implement UML tools.
    The main purpose of this article is to continue our focus on the essential UML diagrams; this month, we take a close look at the sequence diagram. Please note, again, that the examples provided below are based on the new UML 2 specification.

    The diagram's purpose

    The sequence diagram is used primarily to show the interactions between objects in the sequential order that those interactions occur. Much like the class diagram, developers typically think sequence diagrams were meant exclusively for them. However, an organization's business staff can find sequence diagrams useful to communicate how the business currently works by showing how various business objects interact. Besides documenting an organization's current affairs, a business-level sequence diagram can be used as a requirements document to communicate requirements for a future system implementation. During the requirements phase of a project, analysts can take use cases to the next level by providing a more formal level of refinement. When that occurs, use cases are often refined into one or more sequence diagrams.
    An organization's technical staff can find sequence diagrams useful in documenting how a future system should behave. During the design phase, architects and developers can use the diagram to force out the system's object interactions, thus fleshing out overall system design.
    One of the primary uses of sequence diagrams is in the transition from requirements expressed as use cases to the next and more formal level of refinement. Use cases are often refined into one or more sequence diagrams. In addition to their use in designing new systems, sequence diagrams can be used to document how objects in an existing (call it "legacy") system currently interact. This documentation is very useful when transitioning a system to another person or organization.
    Back to top

    The notation

    Since this is the first article in my UML diagram series that is based on UML 2, we need to first discuss an addition to the notation in UML 2 diagrams, namely a notation element called a frame. The frame element is used as a basis for many other diagram elements in UML 2, but the first place most people will encounter a frame element is as the graphical boundary of a diagram. A frame element provides a consistent place for a diagram's label, while providing a graphical boundary for the diagram. The frame element is optional in UML diagrams; as you can see in Figures 1 and 2, the diagram's label is placed in the top left corner in what I'll call the frame's "namebox," a sort of dog-eared rectangle, and the actual UML diagram is defined within the body of the larger enclosing rectangle.
    Figure 1: An empty UML 2 frame element
    An empty UML 2 frame elementIn addition to providing a visual border, the frame element also has an important functional use in diagrams depicting interactions, such as the sequence diagram. On sequence diagrams incoming and outgoing messages (a.k.a. interactions) for a sequence can be modeled by connecting the messages to the border of the frame element (as seen in Figure 2). This will be covered in more detail in the "Beyond the basics" section below.
    Figure 2: A sequence diagram that has incoming and outgoing messages
    A sequence diagram that has incoming and outgoing messagesNotice that in Figure 2 the diagram's label begins with the letters "sd," for Sequence Diagram. When using a frame element to enclose a diagram, the diagram's label needs to follow the format of:
    Diagram Type Diagram Name
    The UML specification provides specific text values for diagram types (e.g., sd = Sequence Diagram, activity = Activity Diagram, and use case = Use Case Diagram).
    Back to top

    The basics

    The main purpose of a sequence diagram is to define event sequences that result in some desired outcome. The focus is less on messages themselves and more on the order in which messages occur; nevertheless, most sequence diagrams will communicate what messages are sent between a system's objects as well as the order in which they occur. The diagram conveys this information along the horizontal and vertical dimensions: the vertical dimension shows, top down, the time sequence of messages/calls as they occur, and the horizontal dimension shows, left to right, the object instances that the messages are sent to.

    Lifelines

    When drawing a sequence diagram, lifeline notation elements are placed across the top of the diagram. Lifelines represent either roles or object instances that participate in the sequence being modeled. [Note: In fully modeled systems the objects (instances of classes) will also be modeled on a system's class diagram.] Lifelines are drawn as a box with a dashed line descending from the center of the bottom edge (Figure 3). The lifeline's name is placed inside the box.
    Figure 3: An example of the Student class used in a lifeline whose instance name is freshman
    An example of the Student class used in a lifeline whose instance name is freshmanThe UML standard for naming a lifeline follows the format of:
    Instance Name : Class Name
    In the example shown in Figure 3, the lifeline represents an instance of the class Student, whose instance name is freshman. Note that, here, the lifeline name is underlined. When an underline is used, it means that the lifeline represents a specific instance of a class in a sequence diagram, and not a particular kind of instance (i.e., a role). In a future article we'll look at structure modeling. For now, just observe that sequence diagrams may include roles (such as buyer and seller) without specifying who plays those roles (such as Bill and Fred). This allows diagram reuse in different contexts. Simply put, instance names in sequence diagrams are underlined; roles names are not.
    Our example lifeline in Figure 3 is a named object, but not all lifelines represent named objects. Instead a lifeline can be used to represent an anonymous or unnamed instance. When modeling an unnamed instance on a sequence diagram, the lifeline's name follows the same pattern as a named instance; but instead of providing an instance name, that portion of the lifeline's name is left blank. Again referring to Figure 3, if the lifeline is representing an anonymous instance of the Student class, the lifeline would be: " Student." Also, because sequence diagrams are used during the design phase of projects, it is completely legitimate to have an object whose type is unspecified: for example, "freshman."

    Messages

    The first message of a sequence diagram always starts at the top and is typically located on the left side of the diagram for readability. Subsequent messages are then added to the diagram slightly lower then the previous message.
    To show an object (i.e., lifeline) sending a message to another object, you draw a line to the receiving object with a solid arrowhead (if a synchronous call operation) or with a stick arrowhead (if an asynchronous signal). The message/method name is placed above the arrowed line. The message that is being sent to the receiving object represents an operation/method that the receiving object's class implements. In the example in Figure 4, the analyst object makes a call to the system object which is an instance of the ReportingSystem class. The analyst object is calling the system object's getAvailableReports method. The system object then calls the getSecurityClearance method with the argument of userId on the secSystem object, which is of the class type SecuritySystem. [Note: When reading this sequence diagram, assume that the analyst has already logged into the system.]
    Figure 4: An example of messages being sent between objects
    An example of messages being sent between objectsBesides just showing message calls on the sequence diagram, the Figure 4 diagram includes return messages. These return messages are optional; a return message is drawn as a dotted line with an open arrowhead back to the originating lifeline, and above this dotted line you place the return value from the operation. In Figure 4 the secSystem object returns userClearance to the system object when the getSecurityClearance method is called. The system object returns availableReports when the getAvailableReports method is called.
    Again, the return messages are an optional part of a sequence diagram. The use of return messages depends on the level of detail/abstraction that is being modeled. Return messages are useful if finer detail is required; otherwise, the invocation message is sufficient. I personally like to include return messages whenever a value will be returned, because I find the extra details make a sequence diagram easier to read.
    When modeling a sequence diagram, there will be times that an object will need to send a message to itself. When does an object call itself? A purist would argue that an object should never send a message to itself. However, modeling an object sending a message to itself can be useful in some cases. For example, Figure 5 is an improved version of Figure 4. The Figure 5 version shows the system object calling its determineAvailableReports method. By showing the system sending itself the message "determineAvailableReports," the model draws attention to the fact that this processing takes place in the system object.
    To draw an object calling itself, you draw a message as you would normally, but instead of connecting it to another object, you connect the message back to the object itself.
    Figure 5: The system object calling its determineAvailableReports method
    The system object calling its determineAvailableReports methodThe example messages in Figure 5 show synchronous messages; however, in sequence diagrams you can model asynchronous messages, too. An asynchronous message is drawn similar to a synchronous one, but the message's line is drawn with a stick arrowhead, as shown in Figure 6.
    Figure 6: A sequence diagram fragment showing an asynchronous message being sent to instance2
    A sequence diagram fragment showing an asynchronous message being sent to instance2

    Guards

    When modeling object interactions, there will be times when a condition must be met for a message to be sent to the object. Guards are used throughout UML diagrams to control flow. Here, I will discuss guards in both UML 1.x as well as UML 2.0. In UML 1.x, a guard could only be assigned to a single message. To draw a guard on a sequence diagram in UML 1.x, you placed the guard element above the message line being guarded and in front of the message name. Figure 7 shows a fragment of a sequence diagram with a guard on the message addStudent method.
    Figure 7: A segment of a UML 1.x sequence diagram in which the addStudent message has a guard
    A segment of a UML 1.x sequence diagram in which the addStudent message has a guardIn Figure 7, the guard is the text "[pastDueBalance = 0]." By having the guard on this message, the addStudent message will only be sent if the accounts receivable system returns a past due balance of zero. The notation of a guard is very simple; the format is: 
    [Boolean Test]
    For example,
    [pastDueBalance = 0]

    Combined fragments (alternatives, options, and loops)

    In most sequence diagrams, however, the UML 1.x "in-line" guard is not sufficient to handle the logic required for a sequence being modeled. This lack of functionality was a problem in UML 1.x. UML 2 has addressed this problem by removing the "in-line" guard and adding a notation element called a Combined Fragment. A combined fragment is used to group sets of messages together to show conditional flow in a sequence diagram. The UML 2 specification identifies 11 interaction types for combined fragments. Three of the eleven will be covered here in "The Basics" section, two more types will be covered in the "Beyond The Basics" section, and the remaining six I will leave to be covered in another article. (Hey, this is an article, not a book. I want you to finish this piece in one day!)

    Alternatives

    Alternatives are used to designate a mutually exclusive choice between two or more message sequences. [Note: It is indeed possible for two or more guard conditions attached to different alternative operands to be true at the same time, but at most only one operand will actually occur at run time (which alternative "wins" in such cases is not defined by the UML standard).] Alternatives allow the modeling of the classic "if then else" logic (e.g., if I buy three items, then I get 20% off my purchase; else I get 10% off my purchase).
    As you will notice in Figure 8, an alternative combination fragment element is drawn using a frame. The word "alt" is placed inside the frame's namebox. The larger rectangle is then divided into what UML 2 calls operands. [Note: Although operands look a lot like lanes on a highway, I specifically did not call them lanes. Swim lanes are a UML notation used on activity diagrams. Please refer to The Rational Edge's earlier article about Activity Diagrams.] Operands are separated by a dashed line. Each operand is given a guard to test against, and this guard is placed towards the top left section of the operand on top of a lifeline. [Note: Usually, the lifeline to which the guard is attached is the lifeline that owns the variable that is included in the guard expression.] If an operand's guard equates to "true," then that operand is the operand to follow.
    Figure 8: A sequence diagram fragment that contains an alternative combination fragment
    A sequence diagram fragment that contains an alternative combination fragmentAs an example to show how an alternative combination fragment is read, Figure 8 shows the sequence starting at the top, with the bank object getting the check's amount and the account's balance. At this point in the sequence the alternative combination fragment takes over. Because of the guard "[balance >= amount]," if the account's balance is greater than or equal to the amount, then the sequence continues with the bank object sending the addDebitTransaction and storePhotoOfCheck messages to the account object. However, if the balance is not greater than or equal to the amount, then the sequence proceeds with the bank object sending the addInsuffientFundFee and noteReturnedCheck message to the account object and the returnCheck message to itself. The second sequence is called when the balance is not greater than or equal to the amount because of the "[else]" guard. In alternative combination fragments, the "[else]" guard is not required; and if an operand does not have an explicit guard on it, then the "[else]" guard is to be assumed.
    Alternative combination fragments are not limited to simple "if then else" tests. There can be as many alternative paths as are needed. If more alternatives are needed, all you must do is add an operand to the rectangle with that sequence's guard and messages.

    Option

    The option combination fragment is used to model a sequence that, given a certain condition, will occur; otherwise, the sequence does not occur. An option is used to model a simple "if then" statement (i.e., if there are fewer than five donuts on the shelf, then make two dozen more donuts).
    The option combination fragment notation is similar to the alternation combination fragment, except that it only has one operand and there never can be an "else" guard (it just does not make sense here). To draw an option combination you draw a frame. The text "opt" is placed inside the frame's namebox, and in the frame's content area the option's guard is placed towards the top left corner on top of a lifeline. Then the option's sequence of messages is placed in the remainder of the frame's content area. These elements are illustrated in Figure 9.
    Figure 9: A sequence diagram fragment that includes an option combination fragment
    A sequence diagram fragment that includes an option combination fragmentReading an option combination fragment is easy. Figure 9 is a reworking of the sequence diagram fragment in Figure 7, but this time it uses an option combination fragment because more messages need to be sent if the student's past due balance is equal to zero. According to the sequence diagram in Figure 9, if a student's past due balance equals zero, then the addStudent, getCostOfClass, and chargeForClass messages are sent. If the student's past due balance does not equal zero, then the sequence skips sending any of the messages in the option combination fragment.
    The example Figure 9 sequence diagram fragment includes a guard for the option; however, the guard is not a required element. In high-level, abstract sequence diagrams you might not want to specify the condition of the option. You may simply want to indicate that the fragment is optional.

    Loops

    Occasionally you will need to model a repetitive sequence. In UML 2, modeling a repeating sequence has been improved with the addition of the loop combination fragment.
    The loop combination fragment is very similar in appearance to the option combination fragment. You draw a frame, and in the frame's namebox the text "loop" is placed. Inside the frame's content area the loop's guard is placed towards the top left corner, on top of a lifeline. [Note: As with the option combination fragment, the loop combination fragment does not require that a guard condition be placed on it.] Then the loop's sequence of messages is placed in the remainder of the frame's content area. In a loop, a guard can have two special conditions tested against in addition to the standard Boolean test. The special guard conditions are minimum iterations written as "minint = [the number]" (e.g., "minint = 1") and maximum iterations written as "maxint = [the number]" (e.g., "maxint = 5"). With a minimum iterations guard, the loop must execute at least the number of times indicated, whereas with a maximum iterations guard the number of loop executions cannot exceed the number.
    Figure 10: An example sequence diagram with a loop combination fragment
    An example sequence diagram with a loop combination fragmentLarger view of Figure 10.
    The loop shown in Figure 10 executes until the reportsEnu object's hasAnotherReport message returns false. The loop in this sequence diagram uses a Boolean test to verify if the loop sequence should be run. To read this diagram, you start at the top, as normal. When you get to the loop combination fragment a test is done to see if the value hasAnotherReport equals true. If the hasAnotherReport value equals true, then the sequence goes into the loop fragment. You can then follow the messages in the loop as you would normally in a sequence diagram
    Back to top

    Beyond the basics

    I've covered the basics of the sequence diagram, which should allow you to model most of the interactions that will take place in a common system. The following section will cover more advanced notation elements that can be used in a sequence diagram.

    Referencing another sequence diagram

    When doing sequence diagrams, developers love to reuse existing sequence diagrams in their diagram's sequences. [Note: It is possible to reuse a sequence diagram of any type (e.g., programming or business). I just find that developers like to functionally break down their diagrams more.] Starting in UML 2, the "Interaction Occurrence" element was introduced. The addition of interaction occurrences is arguably the most important innovation in UML 2 interactions modeling. Interaction occurrences add the ability to compose primitive sequence diagrams into complex sequence diagrams. With these you can combine (reuse) the simpler sequences to produce more complex sequences. This means that you can abstract out a complete, and possibly complex, sequence as a single conceptual unit.
    An interaction occurrence element is drawn using a frame. The text "ref" is placed inside the frame's namebox, and the name of the sequence diagram being referenced is placed inside the frame's content area along with any parameters to the sequence diagram. The notation of the referenced sequence diagram's name follows the pattern of:
    sequence diagram name[(arguments)] [: return value]
    Two examples:
    1. Retrieve Borrower Credit Report(ssn) : borrowerCreditReport
    or
    2. Process Credit Card(name, number, expirationDate, amount : 100)
    In example 1, the syntax calls the sequence diagram called Retrieve Borrower Credit Report and passes it the parameter ssn. The Retreive Borrower Credit Report sequence returns the variable borrowerCreditReport.
    In example 2, the syntax calls the sequence diagram called Process Credit Card and passes it the parameters of name, number, expiration date, and amount. However, in example 2 the amount parameter will be a value of 100. And since example 2 does not have a return value labeled, the sequence does not return a value (presumably, the sequence being modeled does not need the return value).
    Figure 11: A sequence diagram that references two different sequence diagrams
    A sequence diagram that references two different sequence diagramsFigure 11 shows a sequence diagram that references the sequence diagrams "Balance Lookup" and "Debit Account." The sequence starts at the top left, with the customer sending a message to the teller object. The teller object sends a message to the theirBank object. At that point, the Balance Lookup sequence diagram is called, with the accountNumber passed as a parameter. The Balance Lookup sequence diagram returns the balance variable. Then the option combination fragment's guard condition is checked to verify the balance is greater then the amount variable. In cases where the balance is greater than the amount, the Debit Account sequence diagram is called, passing it the accountNumber and the amount as parameters. After that sequence is complete, the withdrawCash message returns cash to the customer.
    It is important to notice in Figure 11 that the lifeline of theirBank is hidden by the interaction occurrence Balance Lookup. Because the interaction occurrence hides the lifeline, that means that the theirBank lifeline is referenced in the "Balance Lookup" sequence diagram. In addition to hiding the lifeline in the interaction occurrence, UML 2 also specifies that the lifeline must have the same theirBank in its own "Balance Lookup" sequence.
    There will be times when you model sequence diagrams that an interaction occurrence will overlap lifelines that are not referenced in the interaction occurrence. In such cases the lifeline is shown as a normal lifeline and is not hidden by the overlapping interaction occurrence.
    In Figure 11, the sequence references the "Balance Lookup" sequence diagram. The "Balance Lookup" sequence diagram is shown in Figure 12. Because the example sequence has parameters and a return value, its label —located in the diagram's namebox—follows a specific pattern:
    Diagram Type Diagram Name [(Parameter Type : Parameter Name)] :
    [: Return Value Type]
    Two examples:
    1. SD Balance Lookup(Integer : accountNumber) : Real
    or
    2. SD Available Reports(Financial Analyst : analyst) : Reports
    Figure 12 illustrates example 1, in which the Balance Lookup sequence uses parameter accountNumber as a variable in the sequence, and the sequence diagram shows a Real object being returned. In cases such as this, where the sequence returns an object, the object being returned is given the instance name of the sequence diagram.
    Figure 12: A sequence diagram that takes the parameter of accountNumber and returns a Real object
    A sequence diagram that takes the parameter of accountNumber and returns a Real objectFigure 13 illustrates example 2, in which a sequence takes a parameter and returns an object. However, in Figure 13 the parameter is used in the sequence's interaction.
    Figure 13: A sequence diagram that uses its parameter in its interaction and returns a Reports object
    A sequence diagram that uses its parameter in its interaction and returns a Reports objectLarger view of Figure 13.

    Gates

    The previous section showed how to reference another sequence diagram by passing information through parameters and return values. However, there is another way to pass information between sequence diagrams. Gates can be an easy way to model the passing of information between a sequence diagram and its context. A gate is merely a message that is illustrated with one end connected to the sequence diagram's frame's edge and the other end connected to a lifeline. A reworking of Figures 11 and 12 using gates can be seen in Figures 14 and 15. The example diagram in Figure 15 has an entry gate called getBalance that takes the parameter of accountNumber. The getBalance message is an entry gate, because it is the arrowed line that is connected to the diagram's frame with the arrowhead connected to a lifeline. The sequence diagram also has an exit gate that returns the balance variable. The exit gate is known, because it's a return message that is connected from a lifeline to the diagram's frame with the arrowhead connected to the frame.
    Figure 14: A reworking of Figure 11, using gates this time
    A reworking of Figure 11, using gates this time
    Figure 15: A reworking of Figure 12, using gates this time
    A reworking of Figure 12, using gates this time

    Combined fragments (break and parallel)

    In the "basics" section presented earlier in this paper, I covered the combined fragments known as "alternative," "option," and "loop." These three combined fragments are the ones most people will use the most. However, there are two other combined fragments that a large share of people will find useful – break and parallel.

    Break

    The break combined fragment is almost identical in every way to the option combined fragment, with two exceptions. First, a break's frame has a namebox with the text "break" instead of "option." Second, when a break combined fragment's message is to be executed, the enclosing interaction's remainder messages will not be executed because the sequence breaks out of the enclosing interaction. In this way the break combined fragment is much like the break keyword in a programming language like C++ or Java.
    Figure 16: A reworking of the sequence diagram fragment from Figure 8, with the fragment using a break instead of an alternative
    Sequence diagram fragment from Figure 8, with the fragment using a break instead of an alternativeBreaks are most commonly used to model exception handling. Figure 16 is a reworking of Figure 8, but this time Figure 16 uses a break combination fragment because it treats the balance < amount condition as an exception instead of as an alternative flow. To read Figure 16, you start at the top left corner of the sequence and read down. When the sequence gets to the return value "balance," it checks to see if the balance is less than the amount. If the balance is not less than the amount, the next message sent is the addDebitTransaction message, and the sequence continues as normal. However, in cases where the balance is less than the amount, then the sequence enters the break combination fragment and its messages are sent. Once all the messages in the break combination have been sent, the sequence exits without sending any of the remaining messages (e.g., addDebitTransaction).
    An important thing to note about breaks is that they only cause the exiting of an enclosing interaction's sequence and not necessarily the complete sequence depicted in the diagram. In cases where a break combination is part of an alternative or a loop, then only the alternative or loop is exited.

    Parallel

    Today's modern computer systems are advancing in complexity and at times perform concurrent tasks. When the processing time required to complete portions of a complex task is longer than desired, some systems handle parts of the processing in parallel. The parallel combination fragment element needs to be used when creating a sequence diagram that shows parallel processing activities.
    The parallel combination fragment is drawn using a frame, and you place the text "par" in the frame's namebox. You then break up the frame's content section into horizontal operands separated by a dashed line. Each operand in the frame represents a thread of execution done in parallel.
    Figure 17: A microwave is an example of an object that does two tasks in parallel
    A microwave is an example of an object that does two tasks in parallelWhile Figure 17 may not illustrate the best computer system example of an object doing activities in parallel, it offers an easy-to-understand example of a sequence with parallel activities. The sequence goes like this: A hungryPerson sends the cookFood message to the oven object. When the oven object receives that message, it sends two messages to itself at the same time (nukeFood and rotateFood). After both of these messages are done, the hungryPerson object is returned yummyFood from the oven object.

     
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Menjelang Bulan Ramadhan

Apa itu bulan puasa????
bulan puasa adalah bulannya beragama islam wajib berpuasa selama satu bulan penuh

bentuk-bentuk razia saat datangnya bulan puasa:

Satlantas Gencar Razia Jelang Ramadhan

 JENEPONTO, BKM--Satuan Lalulintas Polres Jeneponto gencar menertibkan operasi sepeda motor menggunakan knalpot racing. Pasalnya, pengguna knalpot yang menimbulkan suara bising ini semakin marak memasuki bulan Ramadhan dan menjadi ajang pamer pengendara yang kerap menggelar aksi kebutan liar.
Ulah nekat remaja yang didominasi pelajar itu biasanya dilakukan usai santap sahur.
"Fokus kita penertiban knalpot racing karena jelas menimbulkan suara bising yang dapat mengganggu ketenangan masyarakat," ujar Kasat Lantas Polres Jeneponto, AKP Muatafa Sani, Rabu (18/6).
Aksi balapan liar sepertinya sudah menjadi trend di kalangan remaja pada setiap Ramadhan. Selalu mewarnai bulan puasa dengan adanya sekelompok pemuda yang suka kebut-kebutan di jalan raya menggunakan knalpot racing. Biasanya berlangsung setelah pulang sholat tarawih maupun setelah makan sahur di sejumlah lokasi di wilayah Jeneponto.
Ia mengatakan, penertiban akan intensif dilakukan dalam setiap operasi yang digelar. Melalui razia kendaraan yang akan berlangsung secara besar-besaran. Bahkan pihaknya sudah memerintahkan seluruh anggota Satlantas untuk bersama sama bertindak sebagai bentuk penindakan hukum bagi pelanggar aturan lalu lintas.
"Kami akan tindak tegas, pengguna knalpot racing kita minta lepas di tempat," katanya.
Kasat Lantas tidak menampik operasi penertiban kendaraan semakin intensif digelar selama Ramadhan hingga Hari Raya Idul Fitri mendatang. Dengan harapan masyarakat semakin taat aturan lalu lintas dan saling menghormati di jalan raya. Seperti halnya, penggunaan knalpot racing akan menimbulkan kebisingan yang dapat mengganggu orang beribadah.
"Knalpot racing menimbulkan kebisingan, maka akan kita tindak dengan dikenakan sanksi tilang," ungkapnya.
Kasat lantas juga akan menempatkan unit Dikmas lantas dan petugas unit Patroli  di wilayah pasar dan lokasi keramaian. Sebab selama Ramadhan aktifitas di pusat perbelanjaan dipastikan ramai dari hari biasanya. Maka ketertiban dan kepatuhan masyarakat dalam berkendara sangat diharapkan guna menghindari kemacetan dan kesemrawutan arus lalu lintas. (krk/cha/C) 


Jelang Ramadhan Satpol PP Cimahi Akan Razia Kemaksiatan


Menurut Ero, pihaknya tentu akan melakukan koordinasi dengan sejumlah pihak lainnya. Seperti untuk razia peredaran miras akan berkoordinasi dengan kepolisian agar bisa dihentikan pada bulan puasa, karena akan mengganggu jalannya ibadah puasa.
"Keberadaan miras tentu kita akan lakukan razia. Kami pun akan menertibkan para PKL yang berjualan disembarang tempat," terangnya.
Selain kedua hal tadi, lanjut Ero, pihaknya akan menertibkan para pendatang baru yang belum memiliki Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) atau identitas yang jelas. Jika terbukti para pendatang tidak memiliki identitas, sambung Ero, para pendatang tersebut harus menjalani sidang tindak pidana ringan (Tipiring).


Dinas Sosial DKI Razia Pengemis Saat Bulan Puasa

JAKARTA - Penyandang masalah kesejahteraan sosial (PMKS) yang terjaring dalam razia operasi simpatik akan merayakan Lebaran di panti sosial.

Pasalnya, jumlah PMKS yang datang ke Jakarta selalu meningkat 20% hingga 25% setiap tahunnya dari total jumlah PMKS pada hari biasa mencapai 4.045 orang.
Kepala Dinas Sosial DKI Jakarta Masrokhan menuturkan PMKS yang tertangkap razia Operasi Simpatik akan langsung dibawa ke panti sosial untuk dibina.
"Sanksi ini kami berikan agar mereka jera dan tidak lagi datang ke Jakarta saat Ramadan tiba," ujarnya di Jakarta, Rabu (18/6/2014).
PMKS yang terjaring razia akan dipulangkan pada 12 hari setelah Lebaran. PMKS tersebut nantinya dibina di panti sosial Dinas Sosial DKI.
"Mereka dibekali keterampilan agar bisa membuka usaha di daerah asalnya. Biar kapok mereka enggak datang ke Jakarta untuk cari duit pas Lebaran," katanya.
Dinas Sosial DKI Jakarta telah memulangkan 167 PMKS pada pertengahan Mei 2014 ke daerah asal, yaitu Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat.
Sebelum dipulangkan, PMKS tersebut telah menandatangani surat pernyataan agar tidak akan kembali ke Jakarta untuk mengemis.

Massa HTI Minta Hiburan Malam Ditutup

 Senin : 08/07/2013) Ratusan massa Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) di Tegal, Jawa Tengah menggelar aksi demo turun ke jalan menuntut penutupan tempat hiburan malam, menjelang datangnya bulan suci Ramadhan. Sementara di Depok, Jawa Barat ratusan anggota Front Pembela Islam melakukan pawai untuk memberitahu pemilik hiburan malam agar menutup saat bulan Ramadhan.
Ratusan anggota Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia di Tegal, melakukan longmarch melewati jalan - jalan protokol. Sepanjang jalan para pendemo melakukan orasi dan menuntut kepada aparat penegak hukum, untuk menutup semua tempat hiburan malam menjelang dan selama Ramadhan.
Jika tetap dibiarkan beroperasi, banyaknya tempat hiburan malam di Tegal dinilai dapat menodai bulan Ramadan serta mengganggu kekhusyukan umat Islam yang sedang menjalankan ibadah puasa. Selain berorasi massa HTI juga membagikan selebaran kepada para pengguna jalan, berisi seruan untuk menjalankan dan menghormati bulan Ramadhan.
Di Depok, Jawa Barat ratusan anggota Front Pembela Islam (FPI) melakukan pawai di sejumlah titik pusat perbelanjaan di kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Mereka mempengingatkan kepada para pengelola hiburan malam, agar menutup saat bulan Ramadhan.
FPI juga meminta, masyarakat luas agar tidak membuka warung makanan pada siang hari. Usai berorasi, ratusan anggota FPI melakukan aksi sweeping dan menemukan berbagai jenis minuman keras dari sejumlah warung di pinggir jalan.

Tujuan razia dibulan Ramadhan

digelarnya operasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan situasi dan kondisi menjelang Ramadan. Selain itu tujuan lain razia ini untuk mempersempit ruang lingkup para pelaku kejahatan. Pasalnya dengan razia ini nantinya saat memasuki Bulan Suci Ramadan tak ada lagi perbuatan atau penyakit masyarakat yang mengotori bulan penuh rahmat itu khusunya di wilayah hukum Kota Banjar. “Razia pekat ini digelar untuk membuat Kota Banjar tetap terjaga dan terpelihara keamanannya. Serta menjaga ketertiban masyarakat saat menjalankan ibadah puasa,” terangnya.  Dalam razia ini polisi berhasil menyita puluhan botol miras yang diambil dari dua tempat. Yakni di Lingkungan Sukarame RT 06 RW 12 Kelurahan Mekarsari Kecamatan Banjar dan Dusun Pangasinan RT 01 RW 07 Desa Binangun Kecamatan Pataruman. Kata dia puluhan botol miras yang berhasil disita itu langsung dibawa ke Mapolres Banjar untuk didata. Dia berharap dengan razia ini saat Ramadan masyarakat menjalan ibadah lebih tenang dan nyaman.

 Untuk mengurangi perilaku maksiat selama Bulan Ramadan, polisi akan menempatkan beberapa anggotanya di tempat-tempat yang dianggap rawan tempat terjadinya mesum. (DP)





 



 

 

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Kabupaten Pati


Kabupaten Pati (bahasa Jawa: Hanacaraka, ꦥ​ꦛꦶ; Latin, Pathi) adalah sebuah kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Ibukotanya adalah Pati. Kabupaten ini berbatasan dengan Laut Jawa di utara, Kabupaten Rembang di timur, Kabupaten Blora dan Kabupaten Grobogan di selatan, serta Kabupaten Kudus dan Kabupaten Jepara di barat.

Sejarah Pati

Sejarah Kabupaten Pati berpangkal tolak dari beberapa gambar yang terdapat pada Lambang Daerah Kabupaten Pati yang sudah disahkan dalam Peraturan Daerah No. 1 Tahun 1971 yaitu Gambar yang berupa: "keris rambut pinutung dan kuluk kanigara".
Menurut cerita rakyat dari mulut ke mulut yang terdapat juga pada kitab Babat Pati dan kitab Babat lainnya dua pusaka yaitu "keris rambut pinutung dan kuluk kanigara" merupakan lambang kekuasan dan kekuatan yang juga merupakan simbul kesatuan dan persatuan.
Barangsiapa yang memiliki dua pusaka tersebut, akan mampu menguasai dan berkuasa memerintah di Pulau Jawa. Adapun yang memiliki dua pusaka tersebut adalah Raden Sukmayana penggede Majasemi andalan Kadipaten Carangsoka.


Kabupaten Pati

Untuk dapat mengembangkan pembangunan dan memajukan pemerintahan di wilayahnya Adipati Raden Tambranegara memindahkan pusat pemerintahan Kadipaten Pesantenan yang semula berada di desa Kemiri menuju ke arah barat yaitu, di desa Kaborongan, dan mengganti nama Kadipaten Pesantenan menjadi Kadipaten Pati.
Dalam prasasti Tuhannaru, yang diketemukan di desa Sidateka, wilayah Kabupaten Majakerta yang tersimpan di musium Trowulan. Prasasti itu terdapat pada delapan Lempengan Baja, dan bertuliskan huruf Jawa kuna. Pada lempengan yang keempat antara lain berbunyi bahwa : ..... Raja Majapahit, Raden Jayanegara menambah gelarnya dengan Abhiseka Wiralanda Gopala pada tanggal 13 Desember 1323 M. Dengan patihnya yang setia dan berani bernama Dyah Malayuda dengan gelar "Rakai", Pada saat pengumuman itu bersamaan dengan pisuwanan agung yang dihadiri dari Kadipaten pantai utara Jawa Tengah bagian Timur termasuk Raden Tambranegara berada di dalamnya.

Pati Bagian dari Majapahit

Raja Jayanegara dari Majapahit mengakui wilayah kekuasaan para Adipati itu dengan memberi status sebagai tanah predikan, dengan syarat bahwa para Adipati itu setiap tahun harus menyerahkan Upeti berupa bunga.
Bahwa Adipati Raden Tambranegara juga hadir dalam pisuwanan agung di Majapahit itu terdapat juga dalam Kitab Babad Pati, yang disusun oleh K.M. Sosrosumarto dan S.Dibyasudira, diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1980. Halaman 34, Pupuh Dandanggula pada : 12 yang lengkapnya berbunyi : ..... Tan alami pajajaran kendhih, keratonnya ing tanah Jawa angalih Majapahite, ingkang jumeneng ratu, Brawijaya ingkang kapih kalih, ya Jaka Pekik wasta, putra Jaka Suruh, Kyai Ageng Pathi nama, Raden Tambranegara sumewa maring Keraton Majalengka.
Artinya Tidak lama kemudian Kerajaan Pajajaran kalah, Kerajaan Tanah Jawa lalu pindah ke Majapahit, adapun yang menjadi rajanya adalah Brawijaya II, yaitu Jaka Pekik namanya, putranya Jaka Suruh. Pada waktu itu Kyai Ageng Pati, yang bernama Tambranegara menghadap ke Majalengka, yaitu Majapahit.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut, jelaslah bahwa Raden Tambranegara Adipati Pati turut serta hadir dalam pisowanan agung di Majapahit. Pisowanan agung yang dihadiri oleh Raden Tambranegara ke Majapahit pada tanggal 13 Desember 1323, maka diperkirakan bahwa pindahnya Kadipaten Pesantenan dari Desa Kemiri ke Desa Kaborongan dan menjadi Kabupaten Pati itu pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 1323 M (Masehi). Ada tiga tanggal yang baik pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 1323 yaitu : 3 Juli, 7 Agustus dan 14 Agustus 1323.

Hari Jadi Pati

Kemudian diadakan seminar pada tanggal 28 September 1993 di Pendopo Kabupaten Pati yang dihadiri oleh para perwakilan lapisan masyarakat Kabupaten Pati, para guru sejarah SMA se Kabupaten Pati, Konsultan, Dosen Fakultas Sastra dan Sejarah UNDIP Semarang, secara musyawarah dan sepakat memutuskan bahwa pada tanggal 7 Agustus 1323 sebagai hari kepindahan Kadipaten Pesantenan di Desa Kemiri ke Desa Kaborongan menjadi Kabupaten Pati.
Tanggai 6 Agustus 1323 sebagai HARI JADI KABUPATEN PATI telah ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Pati Nomor : 2/1994 tanggal 31 Mei 1994, sehingga menjadi momentum Hari Jadi Kabupaten Pati dengan surya sengkala " KRIDANE PANEMBAH GEBYARING BUMI " yang bermakna " Dengan bekerja keras dan penuh do'a kita gali Bumi Pati untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan lahiriah dan batiniah ". Untuk itu maka setiap tanggal 6 Agustus 1323 yang ditetapkan dan diperingati sebagai "Hari Jadi Kabupaten Pati".

Geografi

Sebagian besar wilayah Kabupaten Pati adalah dataran rendah. Bagian selatan (perbatasan dengan Kabupaten Grobogan dan Kabupaten Blora) terdapat rangkaian Pegunungan Kapur Utara. Bagian barat laut (perbatasan dengan Kabupaten Kudus dan Kabupaten Jepara) berupa perbukitan. Bagian timur berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Rembang. Sungai terbesar adalah Sungai Juwana, yang bermuara di daerah Juwana.
Ibukota Kabupaten Pati terletak tengah-tengah wilayah Kabupaten, berada di jalur pantura Semarang-Surabaya, sekitar 75 km sebelah timur Semarang. Jalur ini merupakan jalur ramai yang menunjukkan diri sebagai jalur transit. Kelemahan terbesar dari jalur ini adalah kecilnya jalan, hanya memuat dua jalur, sehingga untuk berpapasan cukup sulit.
Terdapat sungai besar yaitu Sungai Juwana. Saat musim penghujan sudah terbiasa sungai ini meluap, sehingga pemerintah Jawa Tengah membentuk lembaga yang berfungsi menanggulangi banjir yang bernama Jatrunseluna.


Pembagian administratif

Kota-kota kecamatan lainnya yang cukup signifikan adalah Juwana dan Tayu, keduanya merupakan kota pelabuhan yang berada di pesisir Laut Jawa.
Slogan: Pati Bumi Mina Tani.
Diharapkan Pati menjadi daerah sentra perikanan dan pertanian di Indonesia.

Tokoh politik



Pariwisata

Mesjid Pati pada tahun 1930-an
Air Terjun Tadah Hujan
Pintu masuk kolam renang dan kolam pemancingan

Wisata Alam

Pati memiliki tempat wisata alami, yaitu:

Wisata Sejarah

Pati memiliki tempat wisata sejarah, yaitu:

Wisata Keluarga

Pati memiliki tempat wisata untuk keluarga, yaitu:

Wisata Religi

Pati memiliki tempat wisata ziarah, yaitu:

Wisata Dewasa

Pati memiliki tempat wisata khusus pria dewasa, yaitu:
  • Mini Baru Hotel, di Jl Penjawi No.68
  • Jaya Agung Hotel, di Jl Sunan Muria No.366
  • Graha Dewata Hotel, di Jl Juwana-Pati

Wisata Belanja

Pati memiliki tempat wisata khusus belanja, yaitu:

Kuliner

Masakan

Masakan khas kabupaten Pati, yaitu:

Minuman

Minuman khas kabupaten Pati, yaitu:

Oleh-Oleh

Oleh-oleh khas kabupaten Pati, yaitu:

Potensi

Selain terkenal dengan Bandeng Prestonya, Pati adalah salah satu dari dua kabupaten penghasil buah Manggis terbesar di Jawa Tengah selain Cilacap.
  • Sentra Buah Jambu monyet, di Desa Margorejo
  • Sentra Buah Kelapa kopyor Genjah (kelapa yang dagingnya terpisah dengan tempurung) di Jawa Tengah
  • Sentra Buah Manggis, di Desa Gunungsari
  • Kerajinan Kuningan, di Desa Juwana
  • Usaha Penggemukan Sapi, di Desa ..
  • Usaha Susu Sapi, di Desa Sukoharjo
  • Industri Garam, di Kecamatan Batangan
  • Industri Gula, di Desa Trangkil
  • industri criping singkong aneka rasa(banyuurip)
  • Centra Pengodol Kapuk Randu, di Desa Karaban, Kecamatan Gabus (produk kasur, bantal, guling dll).

Julukan Pati

  • Bumi Mina Tani
Karena Kabupaten Pati penduduknya mayoritas bekerja dalam bidang pertanian, bahkan 70% kabupaten Pati adalah sawah.
  • Kota Manggis'
Karena Kabupaten Pati merupakan penghasil manggis terbesar alias terbanyak seJawa Tengah, Selain membanjiri pasar Jawa Tengah juga dikirim ke Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung
  • Kota Gandul
Karena terkenalnya Nasi Gandul , makanan khas dari Kabupaten Pati. Saat lebaran atau pulang kampung, warung nasi gandul ramai dengan pembeli. Hampir setiap sudut kota maupun pelosok desa, menjual makanan ini.
  • Kota Kacang
Karena sebagai tempat produksi pengolahan berbagai macam varian kacang terbesar di Indonesia, diantaranya yang terkenal adalah Kacang Garuda (PT. Garuda Putra Putri Jaya) berada di timur kota Jl. P. Sudirman (Pati-Juana) dan Kacang Dua Kelinci (PT. Dwi Kelinci) berada di barat kota (Jl. Raya Pati - Kudus) Kec. Margorejo Kab. Pati.

Tentang Pati

  • Kota Pati dikenal dengan sebutan Kota Pensiunan, karena kotanya sebagian besar dihuni oleh para pesiunan atau purnawirawan yang lahir atau dibesarkan di kota ini, sedang para pemudanya memilih mencari kerja di tempat lain atau merantau ke luar negeri sebagai TKI/TKW, karena minimnya industri di kota ini.

Perencanaan

Pemkab Pati dan Bupati Pati mempunyai beberapa rencana jangka panjang (maksimal 5 tahun) dan jangka pendek 9maksimal 2 tahun) untuk membangun Kabupaten Pati, diantaranya:
  • Mengubah warna merah pada Persipa Pati dengan warna Kuning karena dinilai warna kuning lebih cocok dengan Kabupaten Pati seperti menggambarkan tentang: Sawah Padi, Logo Pemkab Pati, kota pensiunan, kejayaan, dll.
  • Membangun Jalur sepeda yang jalan rayanya di cat hijau dan di beri semacam trotoar pemisah dengan jalan raya mobil dan motor. jalur sepeda bisa dipakai untuk sepeda, becak, dokar. jalur sepedanya dari Alun-Alun Pati hinga perbatasan Kudus, dari Alun-Alun Pati hinga perbatasan Rembang, dari Alun-Alun Pati hinga Purwodadi. jalur sepeda agar meningkatkan minat bersepeda dan meninggalkan kendaraan bermotor supaya Pati udaranya tidak polusi. (Jangka Pendek)
  • Bekerjasama dengan Pemkab Kudus dan Pemkab Jepara serta PT. KAI untuk menghidupkan kembali Kereta Api dari Stasiun Mayong-Stasiun Kudus-Stasiun Juwana. untuk mengurangi orang berkendaraan bermotor, supaya Kabupaten di Lingkar Muria bersih dari polusi udara. (Jangka Panjang)
  • Membangun stadion baru dengan nama Stadion Gelora Bumi Tani (GBT) / Stadion Gelora Mina Tani (GMT), untuk meningkatkan prestasi Persipa Pati dan untuk menjadi icon landmark Kabupaten Pati. (Jangka Panjang)
  • Menjadikan seluruh sawah di Kabupaten Pati menjadi sawah organik, yaitu padi organik, kacang organik, tebu organik, jagung organik, dll. (Jangka Pendek)
  • Meminta kepada PSSI Pengprov Jateng untuk mengadakan Jateng Champion League yaitu kompetisi sepak bola yang di ikuti oleh klub ssb yang menjadi juara 1 pada liga tingkat kabupatenya masing-masing. (Jangka Pendek)
  • Membangun Mal di daerah Kecamatan Tayu, Karena stategis karena Kecamatan Keling (Jepara) dan Kecamatan Donorojo (Jepara) lebih dekat ke Tayu dari Pada ke Kotanya yaitu Jepara. Oleh karena itu bisa mendapatkan konsumen yang banyak selain warga Kabupaten Pati.

Nomor Telepon Penting

Nomor penting dan darurat Kabupaten Pati:
  • Polres Pati: (0295) 381610
  • RS Islam Pati: (0295) 453593
  • RS RASoewondo: (0295) 384024
  • SAR Pati: (0295) 5752264
  • BPBD Pati: (0295) 425002
  • Ambulans: (0295) 383118
  • PMI Pati: (0295) 5505159
  • PLN Pati: (0295) 381311
  • Pemadam Kebakaran: (0295) 381808

Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Pati:

1. RSUD RAA Soewondo, Pati
2. RS Keluarga Sehat Hospital (KSH), Pati
3. RS Mitra Bangsa, Pati
4. RS Fastabiq, Pati (Proses Pembangunan)
5. RS Tentara Pati
6. RSB Harapan, Pati
7. RSB Asifa, Pati
8. RS Paru-paru, Pati
9. RS Islam Kajen, Pati
10. RS Assuyuthiyyah Trangkil, Pati
11. RS Kristen Tayu, Pati
12. RSU Kayen. Pati
13. Klinik Sejahtera, Pati
14. BKIA Bhayangkari, Pati
15. Klinik Keluarga Sehat, Pati

Tokoh selebriti





















 

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